Wednesday, July 17, 2019

DECISION CANADA 2019: 2019 Canadian federal election


 
Justin Trudeau in Lima, Peru - 2018 (41507133581) (cropped) (cropped).jpg
 
 
Jagmeet Singh - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped portrait).jpg
 
 
Andrew Scheer in June 2017.jpg

2019 Canadian federal election
← 2015On or before October 21, 2019 (On or before October 21, 2019)Next →
All 338 seats in the House of Commons
170 seats needed for a majority
Opinion polls
  Justin Trudeau in Lima, Peru - 2018 (41507133581) (cropped) (cropped).jpg Andrew Scheer in June 2017.jpg Jagmeet Singh - Ottawa - 2018 (42481105871) (cropped portrait).jpg
Leader Justin Trudeau Andrew Scheer Jagmeet Singh
Party Liberal Conservative New Democratic
Leader since April 14, 2013 May 27, 2017 October 1, 2017
Leader's seat Papineau Regina—Qu'Appelle Burnaby South
Last election 184 seats, 39.47% 99 seats, 31.89% 44 seats, 19.71%
Current seats 177 96 41
Seats needed Steady Increase74 Increase129
  Yves-Francois Blanchet in October 2009.jpg Elizabeth May in July 2014.jpg Maxime Bernier in 2017 - cropped.jpg
Leader Yves-François Blanchet Elizabeth May Maxime Bernier
Party Bloc Québécois Green People's
Leader since January 17, 2019 August 27, 2006 September 14, 2018
Leader's seat Running in Beloeil—Chambly Saanich—Gulf Islands Beauce
Last election 10 seats, 4.66% 1 seat, 3.45% Pre-creation
Current seats 10 2 1
Seats needed Increase160[1] Increase168 Increase169
Canada Election 2019 Results Map.svg
Map showing boundaries of the 338 federal ridings to be contested
Incumbent Prime Minister
Justin Trudeau
Liberal

The 2019 Canadian federal election (formally the 43rd Canadian general election) is scheduled to take place on or before October 21, 2019. The October 21 date of the vote is determined by the fixed-date procedures in the Canada Elections Act but the Act does not preclude the Governor General of Canada from issuing the writs of election at an earlier date.[2] The Liberal Party of Canada will attempt to retain its majority government that it won in the 2015 federal election.
An omnibus bill passed in 2017 assigned responsibility to the Parliamentary Budget Office to review party platforms for future elections, with the 2019 election the first subjected to this review.[3] The Parliamentary Budget Office has a $500,000 budget for costing party platforms for this election, but will only review a party platform at the request of the party that authored it.[3] It will also conduct confidential assessments of independent and party platform proposals preceding the election campaign.[3] The service will also be available to Members of Parliament representing a party that does not have official party status in the House of Commons, such as Elizabeth May.[3]

Background

The 2015 federal election resulted in a Liberal majority government headed by Justin Trudeau. The Conservatives became the Official Opposition (with Stephen Harper announcing his resignation as party leader) and the New Democrats (NDP) became the third party. While members of the Bloc Québécois and the Greens were elected to the House, both failed to achieve the required number of MPs for official party status (12). Bloc leader Gilles Duceppe announced his resignation shortly after the election, and was succeeded by Parti Québécois MNA Martine Ouellet.[4] After losing a leadership review, Ouellet announced she would step down as Bloc leader on June 11, 2018,[5] and was succeeded by Yves-François Blanchet on January 17, 2019.[6]
Due to Tom Mulcair gaining only 48% of the vote at the NDP's April 2016 leadership review, the party held a leadership election on October 1, 2017, electing Ontario MPP and the former Deputy Leader of the Ontario New Democratic Party Jagmeet Singh as his successor.[7][8]

Electoral reform

Main article: Canadian House of Commons Special Committee on Electoral Reform
In June 2015, Justin Trudeau pledged to reform the electoral system if elected, saying, "We are committed to ensuring that 2015 is the last election held under first-past-the-post."[9][10] As the New Democrats, Bloc, and Greens were all in favour of reform of some kind,[11] it was seen as possible that a different voting system could be in place by the next federal election.
A Special Committee on Electoral Reform was formed with representatives from all five parties in the House. The committee's report, Strengthening Democracy in Canada: Principles, Process and Public Engagement for Electoral Reform, was presented in December 2016 and recommended a proportional electoral system be introduced following a national referendum.[12][13] In February 2017, however, the government dropped support for electoral reform, issuing a mandate to newly appointed Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould, saying, "A clear preference for a new electoral system, let alone a consensus, has not emerged. ... Changing the electoral system will not be in your mandate."[14]

Current standings

Leaders of five federal political parties, and current Minister of Canadian Heritage in 2018
e • d Summary of the current standings of the House of Commons of Canada
Affiliation[a] Party leader Seats[15]
2015 Current
Liberal[b] Justin Trudeau 184 177
Conservative[c] Andrew Scheer 99 96
New Democratic[d] Jagmeet Singh 44 41
Bloc Québécois Yves-François Blanchet 10 10
Green Elizabeth May 1 2
Co-operative Commonwealth[e] N/A — 1
People's Maxime Bernier — 1
  Independent 0 7
Vacant 3
Total
338

Election campaign

Leaders' debates

See also: Canadian leaders' debates
Two debates will be organized and held by the newly created Leaders' Debates Commission.[16] The government established rules in 2018 to determine which party leaders are invited to the official debates.[17][18] To be invited a party must satisfy two of the following:
  1. Have at least one member elected under the party's banner;
  2. Nominate candidates to run in at least 90% of all ridings; and
  3. Have captured at least 4% of the votes in the previous election or be considered by the commissioner to have a legitimate chance to win seats in the current election, based on public opinion polls.[17][18]
In November 2018, Minister of Democratic Institutions Karina Gould said that Maxime Bernier would qualify for the debates as leader of the People's Party of Canada if the party nominated candidates in 90% of ridings.[19]

Parties

The table below lists parties represented in the House of Commons after the 2015 federal election.
Name Ideology Leader 2015 result Current
seats
Votes (%) Seats
Liberal Liberalism
Social liberalism 		Justin Trudeau 39.47%
184 / 338
177 / 338
Conservative Conservatism
Economic liberalism
Fiscal conservatism 		Andrew Scheer 31.89%
99 / 338
96 / 338
New Democratic Social democracy
Democratic socialism 		Jagmeet Singh 19.71%
44 / 338
41 / 338
Bloc Québécois Quebec sovereigntism
Social democracy 		Yves-François Blanchet 4.66%
10 / 338
10 / 338
Green Green politics
Green liberalism 		Elizabeth May 3.45%
1 / 338
2 / 338
People's Conservatism
Libertarianism
Classical liberalism
Populism		Maxime Bernier N/A
1 / 338

Incumbents not running for reelection

The following MPs have announced that they will not be running in the next federal election:
Liberal Party
Conservative Party
New Democratic Party
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation[f]
Independent

Timeline

See also: 42nd Canadian Parliament
show
Changes in seats held (2015–2019)
  1. ^ to seek treatment for addiction
  2. ^ in order to seek the leadership of the Progressive Conservative Association of Alberta
  3. ^ becoming Ambassador to the European Union
  4. ^ becoming Ambassador to China
  5. ^ amid allegations of sexual harassment
  6. ^ former Minister of Public Services and Procurement
  7. ^ following her entrance into the 2018 British Columbia Liberal Party leadership election
  8. ^ over harassment allegations
  9. ^ to run for Mayor of Vancouver
  10. ^ as a result of a sexting scandal
  11. ^ to seek treatment for a gambling addiction
  12. ^ to run for the provincial district of Nanaimo
  13. ^ Jump up to: a b amid the SNC-Lavalin affair
  14. ^ dies due from cancer, while serving as a Conservative MP

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

Target seats

The following is a list of ridings which had been lost by the indicated party in the 2015 election by less than 15%. For instance, under the Liberal column are the 86 seats in which they lost by under 15%, ranked by the percent margin. Listed is the name of the riding, followed by the party which was victorious (in parentheses) and the margin, in terms of percentage of the vote, by which the party lost. Based on a uniform swing, the Conservatives would need to win 71 seats to win a majority, making Chicoutimi—Le Fjord the tipping point riding. Highlighted seats indicate ridings whose incumbents represent a party different from than the one elected in 2015.
Liberal Conservative
  1. Barrie—Springwater—Oro-Medonte (Cons) 0.17%
  2. Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River (NDP) 0.27%
  3. Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères (BQ) 0.36%
  4. Kitchener—Conestoga (Cons) 0.53%
  5. Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup (Cons) 0.56%
  6. Jonquière (NDP) 0.71%
  7. Hochelaga (NDP) 0.96%
  8. Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot (NDP) 1.10%
  9. Burnaby South (NDP) 1.19%
  10. Longueuil—Saint-Hubert (NDP) 1.21%
  11. Salaberry—Suroît (NDP) 1.25%
  12. Trois-Rivières (NDP) 1.60%
  13. Beloeil—Chambly (NDP) 1.73%
  14. Central Okanagan—Similkameen—Nicola (Cons) 2.35%
  15. Calgary Confederation (Cons) 2.38%
  16. Hamilton Mountain (NDP) 2.40%
  17. South Surrey—White Rock (Cons)4 2.54%
  18. Richmond Centre (Cons) 2.85%
  19. Churchill—Keewatinook Aski (NDP) 3.04%
  20. Carleton (Cons) 3.12%
  21. Simcoe North (Cons) 3.71%
  22. Drummond (NDP) 3.92%
  23. Flamborough—Glanbrook (Cons) 4.34%
  24. Parry Sound—Muskoka (Cons) 4.42%
  25. Chatham-Kent—Leamington (Cons) 4.48%
  26. Elmwood—Transcona (NDP) 4.63%
  27. Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo (Cons) 4.84%
  28. Abitibi—Baie-James—Nunavik—Eeyou (NDP) 4.88%
  29. Milton (Cons) 4.94%
  30. La Pointe-de-l'Île (BQ) 5.01%
  31. Terrebonne (BQ) 5.02%
  32. Joliette (BQ) 5.08%
  33. Cariboo—Prince George (Cons) 5.15%
  34. Port Moody—Coquitlam (NDP) 5.15%
  35. Beauport—Limoilou (Cons) 5.16%
  36. Huron—Bruce (Cons) 5.23%
  37. Perth—Wellington (Cons) 5.35%
  38. Mirabel (BQ) 5.38%
  39. Rivière-du-Nord (BQ) 5.69%
  40. Algoma—Manitoulin—Kapuskasing (NDP) 5.81%
  41. Markham—Unionville (Cons) 6.04%
  42. London—Fanshawe (NDP) 6.34%
  43. Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix (Cons) 6.63%
  44. Leeds—Grenville—Thousand Islands and Rideau Lakes (Cons) 6.82%
  45. Richmond—Arthabaska (Cons) 6.90%
  46. Dufferin—Caledon (Cons) 7.17%
  47. Mégantic—L'Érable (Cons) 7.28%
  48. Repentigny (BQ) 7.39%
  49. Haldimand—Norfolk (Cons) 7.55%
  50. Sherbrooke (NDP) 7.57%
  51. Niagara Falls (Cons) 7.60%
  52. Esquimalt—Saanich—Sooke (NDP) 7.66%
  53. Regina—Lewvan (NDP) 7.73%
  54. Bruce—Grey—Owen Sound (Cons) 7.84%
  55. Simcoe—Grey (Cons) 8.00%
  56. Timmins—James Bay (NDP) 8.14%
  57. Chilliwack—Hope (Cons) 8.55%
  58. Langley—Aldergrove (Cons) 9.08%
  59. South Okanagan—West Kootenay (NDP) 9.15%
  60. Montcalm (BQ) 9.29%
  61. Barrie—Innisfil (Cons) 9.30%
  62. North Okanagan—Shuswap (Cons) 9.35%
  63. Durham (Cons) 9.38%
  64. Nanaimo—Ladysmith (NDP)[1] 9.68%
  65. Brantford—Brant (Cons) 10.19%
  66. Outremont (NDP)2 10.65%
  67. Oshawa (Cons) 10.83%
  68. Sarnia—Lambton (Cons) 11.55%
  69. Abitibi—Témiscamingue (NDP) 11.87%
  70. Manicouagan (BQ) 11.88%
  71. Calgary Forest Lawn (Cons) 12.02%
  72. Cowichan—Malahat—Langford (NDP) 12.17%
  73. Hamilton Centre (NDP) 12.17%
  74. York—Simcoe (Cons) 12.48%
  75. Stormont—Dundas—South Glengarry (Cons) 12.51%
  76. Brandon—Souris (Cons) 12.96%
  77. Haliburton—Kawartha Lakes—Brock (Cons) 13.08%
  78. Renfrew—Nipissing—Pembroke (Cons) 13.17%
  79. Oxford (Cons) 13.48%
  80. Lanark—Frontenac—Kingston (Cons) 14.11%
  81. Wellington—Halton Hills (Cons) 14.42%
  82. Edmonton West (Cons) 14.44%
  83. New Westminster—Burnaby (NDP) 14.49%
  84. Laurier—Sainte-Marie (NDP) 14.61%
  85. North Island—Powell River (NDP) 14.74%
  86. Lac-Saint-Jean (Cons)5 14.83%
  1. Elmwood—Transcona (NDP) 0.14%
  2. Edmonton Mill Woods (Liberal) 0.18%
  3. Regina—Lewvan (NDP) 0.27%
  4. Kootenay—Columbia (NDP) 0.45%
  5. Hastings—Lennox and Addington (Liberal) 0.45%
  6. Calgary Centre (Liberal) 1.22%
  7. Aurora—Oak Ridges—Richmond Hill (Liberal) 2.15%
  8. Edmonton Centre (Liberal) 2.24%
  9. Mission—Matsqui—Fraser Canyon (Liberal) 2.32%
  10. Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge (Liberal) 2.49%
  11. Newmarket—Aurora (Liberal) 2.57%
  12. Kildonan—St. Paul (Liberal) 2.82%
  13. Whitby (Liberal) 2.86%
  14. York Centre (Liberal) 2.89%
  15. Northumberland—Peterborough South (Liberal) 2.95%
  16. King—Vaughan (Liberal) 3.18%
  17. Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam (Liberal) 3.28%
  18. Oakville North—Burlington (Liberal) 3.41%
  19. Burlington (Liberal) 3.50%
  20. Richmond Hill (Liberal) 3.58%
  21. Fundy Royal (Liberal) 3.79%
  22. Desnethé—Missinippi—Churchill River (NDP) 4.01%
  23. Cambridge (Liberal) 4.52%
  24. Vaughan—Woodbridge (Liberal) 4.85%
  25. New Brunswick Southwest (Liberal) 5.36%
  26. Kitchener South—Hespeler (Liberal) 5.59%
  27. St. Catharines (Liberal) 5.61%
  28. Essex (NDP) 5.73%
  29. Niagara Centre (Liberal) 5.97%
  30. Calgary Skyview(Liberal) 6.13%
  31. Eglinton—Lawrence (Liberal) 6.25%
  32. Kelowna—Lake Country (Liberal) 6.41%
  33. Markham—Stouffville (Liberal) 6.44%
  34. Mississauga—Lakeshore (Liberal) 6.49%
  35. Port Moody—Coquitlam (NDP) 6.58%
  36. Steveston—Richmond East (Liberal) 6.61%
  37. Saskatoon West (NDP) 6.68%
  38. Oakville (Liberal) 6.89%
  39. Kenora (Liberal) 7.04%
  40. Québec (Liberal) 7.11%
  41. South Okanagan—West Kootenay (NDP) 7.44%
  42. Mississauga—Streetsville (Liberal) 7.45%
  43. Louis-Hébert (Liberal) 7.66%
  44. Burnaby South (NDP) 7.96%
  45. Burnaby North—Seymour (Liberal) 8.25%
  46. Peterborough—Kawartha (Liberal) 8.75%
  47. Tobique—Mactaquac (Liberal) 9.59%
  48. Courtenay—Alberni (NDP) 9.84%
  49. Nanaimo—Ladysmith (NDP)[2] 9.85%
  50. Hamilton Mountain (NDP) 10.19%
  51. Mississauga—Erin Mills (Liberal) 10.48%
  52. London West (Liberal) 10.49%
  53. London—Fanshawe (NDP) 10.58%
  54. Cloverdale—Langley City (Liberal) 10.75%
  55. Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot (NDP) 11.92%
  56. Kanata—Carleton (Liberal) 12.08%
  57. Pickering—Uxbridge (Liberal) 12.11%
  58. Jonquière (NDP) 12.30%
  59. Mount Royal (Liberal) 12.46%
  60. Edmonton Strathcona (NDP) 12.68%
  61. Drummond (NDP) 12.72%
  62. Charleswood—St. James—Assiniboia—Headingley (Liberal) 12.98%
  63. Miramichi—Grand Lake (Liberal) 13.00%
  64. Cowichan—Malahat—Langford (NDP) 13.13%
  65. Trois-Rivières (NDP) 13.20%
  66. Don Valley North (Liberal) 13.60%
  67. Sault Ste. Marie (Liberal) 13.63%
  68. Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (Liberal) 13.73%
  69. Scarborough—Agincourt (Liberal) 13.92%
  70. North Island—Powell River (NDP) 14.04%
  71. Chicoutimi—Le Fjord (Liberal)3 14.49%
  72. Vancouver South (Liberal) 14.93%
  73. Brampton Centre (Liberal) 14.97%
New Democratic Bloc Québécois
  1. Chicoutimi—Le Fjord (Liberal)3 1.37%
  2. Mirabel (BQ) 1.41%
  3. St. John's East (Liberal) 1.44%
  4. Kenora (Liberal) 1.62%
  5. Parkdale—High Park (Liberal) 1.80%
  6. Québec (Liberal) 1.86%
  7. Rivière-du-Nord (BQ) 1.91%
  8. Toronto—Danforth (Liberal) 2.17%
  9. Rivière-des-Mille-Îles (Liberal) 2.89%
  10. Davenport (Liberal) 2.90%
  11. Saint-Jean (Liberal) 4.09%
  12. Ottawa Centre (Liberal) 4.12%
  13. Niagara Centre (Liberal) 4.19%
  14. Pitt Meadows—Maple Ridge (Liberal) 4.26%
  15. Pierre-Boucher—Les Patriotes—Verchères (BQ) 4.30%
  16. Kamloops—Thompson—Cariboo (Cons) 4.48%
  17. Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup (Cons) 4.79%
  18. Lac-Saint-Jean (Cons)5 4.81%
  19. Nickel Belt (Liberal) 5.02%
  20. Beauport—Limoilou (Cons) 5.10%
  21. Laurentides—Labelle (Liberal) 5.75%
  22. Edmonton Griesbach (Cons) 5.94%
  23. Gaspésie—Les Îles-de-la-Madeleine (Liberal) 6.21%
  24. Hamilton East—Stoney Creek (Liberal) 6.28%
  25. Oshawa (Cons) 6.30%
  26. Burnaby North—Seymour (Liberal) 6.48%
  27. La Pointe-de-l'Île (BQ) 6.82%
  28. Richmond—Arthabaska (Cons) 7.32%
  29. Terrebonne (BQ) 7.40%
  30. Thérèse-De Blainville (Liberal) 7.57%
  31. Joliette (BQ) 7.61%
  32. Sarnia—Lambton (Cons) 7.68%
  33. Montarville (Liberal) 7.86%
  34. Coquitlam—Port Coquitlam (Liberal) 8.03%
  35. Compton—Stanstead (Liberal) 9.47%
  36. Saskatoon—University (Cons) 10.00%
  37. Cariboo—Prince George (Cons) 10.81%
  38. Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne (Liberal) 11.28%
  39. Acadie—Bathurst (Liberal) 11.31%
  40. Saskatoon—Grasswood (Cons) 11.41%
  41. Repentigny (BQ) 11.42%
  42. Edmonton Centre (Liberal) 12.74%
  43. Montcalm (BQ) 13.16%
  44. Mégantic—L'Érable (Cons) 13.46%
  45. Sackville—Preston—Chezzetcook (Liberal) 13.56%
  46. La Prairie (Liberal) 13.58%
  47. North Okanagan—Shuswap (Cons) 13.70%
  48. Louis-Hébert (Liberal) 14.04%
  49. Thunder Bay—Rainy River (Liberal) 14.36%
  50. Regina—Qu'Appelle (Cons) 14.49%
  51. LaSalle—Émard—Verdun (Liberal) 14.95%
  52. Surrey Centre (Liberal) 14.99%
  1. Salaberry—Suroît (NDP) 2.07%
  2. Laurentides—Labelle (Liberal) 2.35%
  3. Hochelaga (NDP) 3.17%
  4. Beloeil—Chambly (NDP) 3.39%
  5. Longueuil—Saint-Hubert (NDP) 3.95%
  6. Montarville (Liberal) 4.12%
  7. Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot (NDP) 4.37%
  8. Thérèse-De Blainville (Liberal) 5.41%
  9. Jonquière (NDP) 5.90%
  10. Rivière-des-Mille-Îles (Liberal) 6.95%
  11. Drummond (NDP) 7.64%
  12. Saint-Jean (Liberal) 8.35%
  13. Longueuil—Charles-LeMoyne (Liberal) 8.36%
  14. Laurier—Sainte-Marie (NDP) 9.56%
  15. Québec (Liberal) 10.05%
  16. La Prairie (Liberal) 10.22%
  17. Chicoutimi—Le Fjord (Liberal)3 10.57%
  18. Montmagny—L'Islet—Kamouraska—Rivière-du-Loup (Cons) 12.87%
  19. Beauport—Côte-de-Beaupré—Île d'Orléans—Charlevoix (Cons) 14.37%
  20. Richmond—Arthabaska (Cons) 14.39%
  21. Châteauguay—Lacolle (Liberal) 14.74%
  22. Trois-Rivières (NDP) 14.83%
  23. Lac-Saint-Jean (Cons)5 14.90%
Green
  1. Victoria (NDP) 9.36%
  2. Nanaimo—Ladysmith (NDP)1 13.44%
Notes
  1. ^ The Green Party won this seat in a by-election on May 9, 2019.
  2. ^ The Liberal Party won this seat in a by-election of February 25, 2019.
  3. ^ The Conservative Party won this seat in a by-election on June 18, 2018.
  4. ^ The Liberal Party won this seat in a by-election on December 11, 2017.
  5. ^ The Liberal Party won this seat in a by-election on October 23, 2017.

Opinion polls

Main article: Opinion polling for the 2019 Canadian federal election
Evolution of voting intentions during the pre-campaign period of the 43rd Canadian federal election. Trendlines are local regressions, with polls weighted by proximity in time and a logarithmic function of sample size. 95% confidence ribbons represent uncertainty about the regressions, not the likelihood that actual election results would fall within the intervals. -- Source code for plot generation is available here.[127]

Candidates

Main article: List of candidates by riding for the 43rd Canadian federal election

Election spending

Before the campaign, there were no limits to what a political party, candidate, or third party (corporations, unions, special interest groups, etc.) can spend: spending rules are only in force after the writs have been dropped and the campaign has begun.[128]

Reimbursements for political parties and candidates

Political parties receive a reimbursement for 50 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Similarly, electoral district associations receive a reimbursement of 60 per cent of their election expenses during the writ period. Both reimbursements are publicly funded.[129]

Registered third parties

A person or group must register as a third party immediately after incurring election advertising expenses totalling $500 or more.[130] There are strict limits on advertising expenses, and specific limits that can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district. Registered third parties are subject to an election advertising expenses limit of $150,000. Of that amount, no more than $8,788 can be incurred to promote or oppose the election of one or more candidates in a particular electoral district.[131]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The House of Commons does not limit members' chosen affiliation to registered political parties and Independents.
  2. ^ 2015 seat total includes Leona Alleslev, who now sits as a Conservative, and Celina Caesar-Chavannes, Raj Grewal, Darshan Kang, Jane Philpott, Hunter Tootoo, and Jody Wilson-Raybould, who now sit as Independents.
  3. ^ 2015 seat total includes Maxime Bernier, who now leads the People's Party of Canada, and Tony Clement, who now sits as an Independent.
  4. ^ 2015 seat total includes Erin Weir, who now sits as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the precursor to the NDP.
  5. ^ Erin Weir designated himself as a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation following his expulsion from the NDP caucus. The CCF is not a registered party and Weir's designation exists only in a parliamentary, not electoral, sense. See: Co-operative Commonwealth Federation#2018
  6. ^ The House of Commons allows members to choose their own affiliation; Weir chose to revive the CCF name when he was ejected from the NDP caucus.

References

  1. ^ Though parties registered with Elections Canada can field candidates in any riding they whish, the Bloc Québécois has never fielded candidates outside of Quebec (78 seats)
  2. ^ "Amendment to Canada Elections Act". Queen's Printer for Canada. November 6, 2006. Retrieved July 29, 2011.
  3. ^ Jump up to: a b c d Beeby, Dean (April 18, 2019). "PBO launches new service to cost out party platforms, despite the political risks". CBC News. Retrieved April 18, 2019.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Bloc Québécois' new leader: Who is Martine Ouellet?". The Montreal Gazette. Retrieved March 14, 2017.
  5. ^ Jump up to: a b Tunney, Catharine (June 4, 2018). "Embattled Bloc Québécois leader Martine Ouellet resigns". CBC News. Retrieved June 4, 2018.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "Yves-François Blanchet becomes Bloc Québécois leader". CBC News. January 17, 2019. Retrieved January 17, 2019.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b Kirkup, Kristy (April 10, 2016). "NDP rejects Mulcair as leader, votes in support of holding leadership race". Ottawa Citizen. Canadian Press. Retrieved April 10, 2016.
  8. ^ Jump up to: a b Kirkup, Kristy (October 1, 2017). "Jagmeet Singh named leader of the federal NDP". CTV News. Retrieved October 1, 2017.
  9. ^ John Geddes. "Can Justin Trudeau fix the vote with electoral reform?". Macleans.ca. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  10. ^ "Justin Trudeau unveils Liberal platform". CBC Player. January 6, 2016. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  11. ^ "Mulcair Promises Proportional Representation If NDP Wins". The Huffington Post. January 2, 2015. Retrieved January 9, 2016.
  12. ^ Wherry, Aaron (December 1, 2016). "Electoral reform committee recommends referendum on proportional representation, but Liberals disagree". CBC News.
  13. ^ Bryden, Joan (December 1, 2016). "Liberal MPs urge Prime Minister to break promise of new voting system by next election". Ottawa Citizen.
  14. ^ Wherry, Aaron. "Trudeau government abandons promise of electoral reform". CBC News. Retrieved February 1, 2017.
  15. ^ "Members of Parliament". Parliament of Canada. Retrieved April 3, 2019.
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External links

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